Anemia   Updated: 07/13/2024   © Jun Wang, MD, PhD       General features   Decrease in red cell mass Hemoglobin: Levels of hemoglobin in a specific volume of whole blood   Hematocrit: Fraction of whole blood composed of red blood cells   Red cell count: Quantity of red cell in a specific volume of whole blood   Three major groups based on RBC sizes Microcytic   Normocytic   Macrocytic   Three major causes   Blood loss: acute or chronic   Increased red cell destruction: hemolysis   Reduced production: marrow failure due to genetic abnormality or nutritional deficiency   Etiology   Genetic abnormality   Hemoglobinopathies   RBC cytoskeletal abomorlities   Enzyme abnormalities   Fanconi anemia   Nutritional deficiencies: iron, VB12, folate, general malnutrition   Physical etiologies: trauma, burns, frostbite, prosthetic valves, etc   Chronic diseases: chronic infections, neoplasia, autoimmune disorders, kidney or liver diseases, etc Infectious diseases: hepatitis, sepsis , malaria, e...
 
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