Myeloid neoplasms

Myeloid neoplasms
Updated: 08/12/2024
© Jun Wang, MD, PhD

General features
  • Clonal diseases of hematopoietic stem or progenitor cells of the granulocytic (neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil), monocytic/macrophage, erythroid, megakaryocytic and mast cell lineages
  • 8 large groups
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN)
Myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative neoplasm(MDS/MPN)
Mastocytosis
Secondary myeloid neoplasms
Myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms with eosinophilia and tyrosine kinase gene fusions
Acute leukemias of mixed or ambiguous lineage
Diagnostic approaches
  • CBC and differential: Presence of blasts and immature cells, quantity based diagnosis
  • Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy: Morphology and quantity of neoplastic cells and blasts component
  • Immunophenotyping: Multiparameter flow cytometry
  • Histochemical studies: Myeloperoxidase for myeloid
  • Cytogenetics studies: Karyotype, FISH 
  • Molecular studies
Laboratory findings
Diseases
Peripheral white count
Marrow cellularity
Marrow blast count
Maturation
Morphology
AML
High or low
Usually high
At least 20%
Minimal
Dysplastic
MDS
Low
High
< 20%
Yes
Dysplastic
MPN
High
Very high
< 20%
Yes
Normal
MDS/MPN
High or low
Various
< 20%
Yes
Dysplastic

Practice questions 1
Practice questions 2
Practice questions 3

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Contents

Pathology notes Jun Wang, MD, PhD 1. General information Frequently discussed syndromes Terms of dermatology Terms of hematology 2. Primary immunodeficiency disorders 3. Hemodynamic abnormalities Shock Thrombosis and embolism Bleeding disorders 4.  Benign blood cell disorders Anemia Benign white cell disorders 5. Hematopoietic neoplasms Lymphoid neoplasms Myeloid neoplasms Histiocytic neoplasms: Langerhans cell histiocytosis 6. Cardiovascular system Pulmonary hypertension Cardiovascular system tumors 7. Respiratory tract tumors 8. Gastrointestinal tract Congenital disorders Infectious gastroenteritis Oral cavity Esophagus Stomach Intestinal tumors Salivary glands Exocrine pancreas and gallbladder 9. Urinary system Kidney masses Lower urinary tract 10. Male reproductive system 11. Female genital tract 12. Breast 13. Endocrine organs Pituitary gland Adrenal gland Thyroid gland Parathyroid gland Endocrine pancreas...
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Anemia

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Lymphoid neoplasms

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