Rhabdomyoma
Rhabdomyoma
Updated: 10/23/2020
© Jun Wang, MD, PhD
General features
- Most common pediatric primary tumor of the heart
- Usually in patients less than 1 year of age
- Sporadic cases may be associated with other congenital heart diseases
- If cardiac, usually associated with tuberous sclerosis
- Rhabdomyomatosis: Multiple, usually less than 1 mm each
- Cardiac tumor may cause sudden cardiac death
- May regress spontaneously
Clinical presentations
- Most common location: ventricular myocardium
- Symptoms associated with size, location and number of tumor: obstruction, arrhythmias, congestive heart failure
Key morphological features
- Firm mass surrounded by normal tissue
- Nodules of large polygonal clear cells
- Intracellular vacuoles separated by strands of cytoplasm between cell membrane and nucleus (spider cells)
Diagnostic approaches
- Echocardiography, MRI
- Biopsy/histological assessment
Differential diagnoses
- Fibroma: May have calcification, dense fibroblast and collagen
- Myxoma: Myxoid background
- Teratoma: Usually pericardial, three germ line cells
- Hemangioma: Histologic features
Genetic abnormalities
- TSC1 and TSC2 if tuberous sclerosis associated
Treatment
- Excision
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