Acquired Cystic Disease

Acquired Cystic Disease
Updated: 10/06/2020
© Jun Wang, MD, PhD

General features
  • Definition: Four or more cysts involving both kidneys
  • No history of hereditary cystic renal disease
  • History of chronic renal disease, especially hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis
  • High risk of renal cell carcinoma
Pathogenesis
  • Probably due to uremia, obstruction by oxalate crystals, fibrosis, hyperplasia, as resulted in severe renal impairment
  • Tubular hyperplasia resulted from compensatory renal hypertrophy through activation of oncogenes and release of growth factors
Clinical presentations
  • Commonly asymptomatic
  • Hemorrhagic cysts: Flank pain and gross hematuria
Pathological findings
  • Small kidneys
  • Small cysts, usually < 0.5 cm
  • Normal tissue between cysts
Diagnosis
  • Radiologic studies: Sonography, CT, MRI
Management
  • Supportive
  • Nephrectomy or embolization if severe bleeding
  • Long-term monitoring for renal cell carcinoma: Sonographic or MRI


Back to kidney masses
Back to contents

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Contents

Pathology notes Jun Wang, MD, PhD 1. General information Frequently discussed syndromes Terms of dermatology Terms of hematology 2. Immunodeficiency disorders HIV infection   Primary immunodeficiency disorders 3. Hemodynamic abnormalities Shock Thrombosis and embolism Bleeding disorders Blood transfusion 4.  Benign blood cell disorders Anemia Benign white cell disorders 5. Hematopoietic neoplasms Lymphoid neoplasms Myeloid neoplasms Histiocytic neoplasms: Langerhans cell histiocytosis 6. Cardiovascular system Pulmonary hypertension Cardiovascular system tumors 7. Respiratory tract tumors 8. Gastrointestinal tract Congenital disorders Infectious gastroenteritis Oral cavity Esophagus Stomach Intestinal tumors Salivary glands Exocrine pancreas and gallbladder 9. Urinary system Kidney masses Lower urinary tract 10. Male reproductive system 11. Female genital tract 12. Breast 13. Endocrine organs Pituitary gland Ad...
Read more

Anemia

Anemia Updated: 07/13/2024 © Jun Wang, MD, PhD   General features Decrease in red cell mass Hemoglobin: Levels of hemoglobin in a specific volume of whole blood Hematocrit: Fraction of whole blood composed of red blood cells Red cell count: Quantity of red cell in a specific volume of whole blood Three major groups based on RBC sizes Microcytic Normocytic Macrocytic Three major causes Blood loss: acute or chronic Increased red cell destruction: hemolysis Reduced production: marrow failure due to genetic abnormality or nutritional deficiency Etiology Genetic abnormality Hemoglobinopathies RBC cytoskeletal abomorlities Enzyme abnormalities Fanconi anemia Nutritional deficiencies: iron, VB12, folate, general malnutrition Physical etiologies: trauma, burns, frostbite, prosthetic valves, etc Chronic diseases: chronic infections, neoplasia, autoimmune disorders, kidney or liver diseases, etc Infectious diseases: hepatitis, sepsis , malaria, e...
Read more

Myeloid neoplasms

Myeloid neoplasms Updated: 08/12/2024 © Jun Wang, MD, PhD General features Clonal diseases of hematopoietic stem or progenitor cells of the granulocytic (neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil), monocytic/macrophage, erythroid, megakaryocytic and mast cell lineages 8 large groups Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) Myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative neoplasm(MDS/MPN) Mastocytosis Secondary myeloid neoplasms Myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms with eosinophilia and tyrosine kinase gene fusions Acute leukemias of mixed or ambiguous lineage Diagnostic approaches CBC and differential: Presence of blasts and immature cells, quantity based diagnosis Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy: Morphology and quantity of neoplastic cells and blasts component Immunophenotyping: Multiparameter flow cytometry Histochemical studies: Myeloperoxidase for myeloid Cytogenetics studies: Karyotype, FISH  Molecular studies La...
Read more