Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma

Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma

Updated: 10/12/2021
© Jun Wang, MD, PhD

General features
  • Majority of laryngeal cancers
  • Predominantly male; usually ages 40+
Risk factors
  • Smoking, enhanced by heavy alcohol consumption
  • HPV
Clinical presentations
  • Dysphonia/aphonia
  • Dysphagia
  • Blood-tinged sputum, etc  
  • Metastases: Regional lymph nodes and lungs
  • Direct extension to surrounding structures: Thyroid gland and jugular vein
Key pathogenesis
  • HPV associated tumorigenesis: E6 and E7
Key morphological features
Treatment
  • Goals of therapy: Remove the tumor and prevent recurrence while maintaining laryngeal function
  • Surgery, radiation, chemotherapy
Poor prognostic factors
  • High initial staging
  • Tumor grade
  • Vascular invasion
  • Negative HPV testing



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