Gynecomastia

Gynecomastia
Updated: 07/01/2023
© Jun Wang,MD, PhD

General features
  • Most common lesion of male breast
  • Usually bilateral, but may be more distinct in one breast
  • Caused by increase in estrogen to androgen ratio
  • Multifactorial etiology: Physiological (puberty or aging), endocrine tumors, endocrine dysfunctions, non-endocrine diseases, drug induced, idiopathic
  • May regress without treatment
Clinical presentations
  • Button or disk-like subareolar enlargement
Key morphological features
  • Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of glands and stroma
  • NO cytological atypia
  • Intact myoepithelial cell layer (marked by positive reactivity to CD10, p63)
Treatment
  • Observation
  • Treatment of underlying causes
  • Excision if not regress


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