Oral squamous cell carcinoma
Oral squamous cell carcinoma
Updated: 02/12/2021
© Jun Wang, MD, PhD
General features
- Majority of oral cavity cancers
- Usually ages 50-70 years
- Predominantly men
- Likely second primary tumors due to chronic exposure to carcinogens prior (field cancerization)
- Most tonsil area cases are HPV associated
- HPV associated cancer tends to have better prognosis
Risk factors
- Major: Alcohol, tobacco, chewing tobacco, marijuana, betel nuts and pan (India)
- Other: HPV, EBV, etc
- Sunlight exposure for lip cancer
- Fruit and vegetable consumption significantly reduces risk
Clinical presentations
- Leukoplakia: smooth or warty white patch/plaque, cannot be scraped off
- Erythroplakia: Red area, more likely have squamous dysplasia
- Mass
- Ulcer
Key morphological features
Treatment
- Surgery
- Radiation therapy
- May consider photodynamic and chemotherapy
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