Anal canal cancers
Anal canal cancers
Updated: 03/02/2021
© Jun Wang, MD, PhD
General
features
- Usually squamous cell carcinoma
- Commonly HPV associated
- More common in women
Risk
factors
- Infections: HPV (especially 16, 18), HIV
- Male receptive anal intercourse, multiple sexual partners, history of anogenital warts
- Lower genital dysplasia/cancer
- Immunocompromised status
- Smoking
Pathogenesis
- HPV associated: Rb inactivation (E7) and p53 degradation (E6)
Clinical
presentations
- Bleeding, pain/itching, mass, etc
Screening test
- Anal pap smears
Key
morphological features
- Squamous cell carcinoma: malignant cells with squamous differentiation
Basaloid carcinoma
- Also termed "cloacogenic" or "transitional"
- Variant of squamous cell carcinoma
- Usually occur above dentate line
- Basaloid tumor cells
Treatment
- Surgery, chemo
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