Anal canal cancers

Anal canal cancers 

Updated: 03/02/2021

© Jun Wang, MD, PhD

General features
  • Usually squamous cell carcinoma
  • Commonly HPV associated
  • More common in women
Risk factors
  • Infections: HPV (especially 16, 18), HIV
  • Male receptive anal intercourse, multiple sexual partners, history of anogenital warts
  • Lower genital dysplasia/cancer
  • Immunocompromised status
  • Smoking
Pathogenesis
  • HPV associated:  Rb inactivation (E7) and p53 degradation (E6)
Clinical presentations
  • Bleeding, pain/itching, mass, etc
Screening test
  • Anal pap smears
Key morphological features
Basaloid carcinoma
  • Also termed "cloacogenic" or "transitional"
  • Variant of squamous cell carcinoma
  • Usually occur above dentate line
  • Basaloid tumor cells
Treatment
  • Surgery, chemo


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