Benign nonproliferative melanocytic disorders
Benign non proliferative melanocytic disorders
Updated: 03/18/2021
© Jun Wang,
MD, PhD
General features
- Abnormal pigmentation
- Majority diagnosed clinically
Freckle
- Sun exposed skin
- More common in people with fair skin and red hair
- Appears in early childhood
- Fades in winter, darkens in summer
- Small tan-red or light brown macules
- Mild hyperpigmentation of basal keratinocytes, normal architecture
- NO increase in number of melanocytes
Vitiligo
- Partial or complete loss of skin pigmentation
- May affect mucosa
- Autoimmune destruction of melanocytes
- May be associated with pernicious anemia, autoimmune thyroid disorders including Hashimoto thyroiditis and Graves disease, diabetes, etc
- Treatment: focusing on autoimmune disorder
Melasma
- Symmetrical hypermelanosis
- Most common in women during reproductive age
- Associated with sun exposure, elevated estrogen activity in affected skin, photosensitizing medications, etc
- May have genetic predisposition
- Most common site: face
- Treatment: topical hydroquinine cream, avoid sun exposure, avoid estrogen exposure
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