Pathology Notes

Cryptorchidism   Updated: 01/28/2021 © Jun Wang, MD, PhD General features Permanent retention of testis outside scrotum, unilateral or bilateral May be associated with other GU malformations High risk for testicular carcinoma , usually seminoma (higher risk if abdominal vs. inguinal location) May have cancer in normal descended testes Risk for trauma, torsion , etc Spermatogenesis deficiency may persist after surgery Pathogenesis Failure of intra-abdominal testes to descend into scrotal sac Clinical features Most common location: Inguinal canal Pathological findings Small, firm, brown testes Increased fibrous tissue Prominent Leydig cells, often hyperplastic Sertoli cells with atrophy of other cells Treatment Orchiopexy Back to pathology of male reproductive system Back to contents

Pathology of male reproductive system   Updated: 01/27/2021 © Jun Wang, MD, PhD Key anatomy and histological features Prostate Glands: luminal cells, myoepithelial cells Stroma Testes: Germ cells, stromal cells, epithelial cells Congenital anomalies Diseases of penis Non-specific inflammations Sexually transmitted infections Penile squamous neoplasia Diseases of prostate Prostatitis Prostatic nodular hyperplasia Prostatic adenocarcinoma Benign diseases of testes Cryptorchidism Atrophy Testicular inflammation and injury Testicle tumors Germ cell tumors Intratubular germ cell neoplasia (ITGCN) Seminoma Spermatocytic seminoma Embryonal carcinoma Yolk sac tumor Choriocarcinoma Teratoma Sex cord-stromal tumors Lymphoma Practice questions I Practice questions II Back to contents

Practice questions IV, female genital tract Pathology of ovary B © Jun Wang, MD, PhD 1. Use this case for the next five questions. A 51-year-old woman presents with vague left lower abdominal pain for 2 months. She denies other symptoms. She has a history of endometriosis that was treated with oral contraceptives. She has multiple squamous cell carcinoma of skin during the past ten years and was treated with local resection. She smokes cigarette 1 pack a day for 25 years and drinks 1 glass of wine per day for 20 years. Physical examination reveals a firm mass at her left adnexa. Image studies reveals a 3.5 cm solid and cystic mass at her left ovary and a 1.2 cm cystic lesion at her right ovary. Bilateral oophorectomy was performed. Microscopically, the right ovarian lesion has tubular gland lined by benign appearing columnar cells with no mucin production. There are signs of old hemorrhage but no cytological atypia is noted. The left ovarian mass has complex gla

Practice questions IV answers, female genital tract Pathology of Ovary B © Jun Wang, MD, PhD 1. B. Tubular glands lined by benign columnar cells without mucin production in a background of endometrioid stroma is consistent with endometrioid tissue. It is endometriosis if found outside uterine cavity. Endometrioid adenocarcinoma has irregular complex endometrioid type glands lined by atypical columnar cells, and commonly has squamous metaplasia, as those in endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma . Clear cell carcinoma has either clear cytoplasm or hobnail tumor cells . Both are associated with endometriosis . Squamous carcinoma has irregular nests or cords of atypical cells with squamous differentiation, such as intercellular bridges and/or squamous pearls . Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma has markedly atypical cells with mucinous differentiation. 2. C. See discussion in question 1. 3. C. See discussion in question 1. 4. B. Ovarian endometrioid adenocarcinoma i