Cryptorchidism

Cryptorchidism 

Updated: 01/28/2021

© Jun Wang, MD, PhD

General features
  • Permanent retention of testis outside scrotum, unilateral or bilateral
  • May be associated with other GU malformations
  • High risk for testicular carcinoma, usually seminoma (higher risk if abdominal vs. inguinal location)
  • May have cancer in normal descended testes
  • Risk for trauma, torsion, etc
  • Spermatogenesis deficiency may persist after surgery
Pathogenesis
  • Failure of intra-abdominal testes to descend into scrotal sac
Clinical features
  • Most common location: Inguinal canal
Pathological findings
  • Small, firm, brown testes
  • Increased fibrous tissue
  • Prominent Leydig cells, often hyperplastic Sertoli cells with atrophy of other cells
Treatment
  • Orchiopexy


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