Pathology Notes

Practice questions   Platelet disorders © Jun Wang, MD, PhD 1. A 9-year-old boy presents with sudden onset of gum bleeding. He has a history of coughing with running nose two weeks ago. There is no history of trauma. Physical examination reveals a well-nourished boy with normal development. Multiple pin point like hemorrhage spots are seen on his oral mucosa, upper chest and back, as well as arms. Physical examination is otherwise unremarkable. There is no evidence of hematoma. What is most likely abnormal in his laboratory tests? A. Elevated FDP B. Leukocytosis C. Prolonged PT D. Prolonged PTT E. Reduced platelets 2. A 17-year-old girl with Turner syndrome presents with nose bleeding for 2 days. She has had a cold and fever 1 week ago, but recovered without any treatment. Her past history is unremarkable. Physical examination reveals pin point hemorrhage at her upper limbs. No lymphadenopathy or splenomegaly is seen. Her CBC reveals normal range hemoglobin an...

Practice questions answers Platelet disorders © Jun Wang, MD, PhD 1. E. Petechiae are usually associated with primary hemostasis defects , either vessel or platelet. Elevated FDP is usually associated with fibrinolysis following thrombosis, such as seen in disseminated intravascular coagulation . Leukocytosis is commonly associated with inflammatory neoplastic processes, either should have more relevant clinical presentations. Abnormalities of PT and PTT are usually seen in secondary hemostasis defects . 2. B. Acute onset of isolated thrombocytopenia in an otherwise healthy individual is most likely acute immune thrombocytopenic purpura . Precursor lymphoid neoplasms (Acute lymphoblastic leukemia) usually presents with increase immature lymphocytes, especially lymphoblasts in circulation. Hemolytic-uremic syndrome or atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome usually has progressive renal failure, hemolytic anemia and schistocytosis. Iron deficiency anemia is unlikely due to normal...

Practice questions answers Bone tumors © Jun Wang, MD, PhD 1. C. Key diagnostic features of osteoid osteoma include small size, clear margin and benign bone formation. Aneurysmal bone cyst is composed of non-endothelial lined blood filling space. Osteoblastoma has microscopic features identical to osteoid osteoma , but it is different in clinical presentations, size, bone involved, etc. Osteomyelitis has inflammation and bone necrosis. Osteosarcomas are malignant tumor with bone production. Microscopically they are pleomorphic malignant cells. Radiologically they have destruction appearance. 2. D. Osteoblastoma has microscopic features identical to osteoid osteoma , but it is different in clinical presentations, size, bone involved, etc. Ewing sarcomas are composed of sheets of small cells with round nuclei. Giant cell tumors have numerous multinucleated cells. Metastatic cancers have epithelial components similar to primary tumors. Osteosarcomas are malignant tumo...