Splenomegaly

Splenomegaly
Updated: 07/13/2020
© Jun Wang, MD, PhD

General features
  • Enlarged spleen >400 g
  • Massive if > 1000 g
  • Various etiology, usually associated with splenic hyperfunction
Etiology
  • Part of systemic presentation of inflammation: Such as in subacute bacterial endocarditis or infectious mononucleosis
  • Local inflammation: Sarcoidosis, abscess, etc
  • RBC destruction: Hereditary spherocytosis, thalassemia
  • Congestive: Portal hypertension
  • Ectopic hematopoiesis: Myeloproliferative neoplasm, etc
  • Neoplastic: Lymphomas, metastatic malignancy, etc
Clinical presentations
  • Various
Key pathogenesis
  • Splenic hyperfunction
Key Laboratory findings
Diagnostic approaches to identify etiology
  • History
  • CBC and peripheral blood morphology
  • Bone marrow biopsy if hematopoietic disorder suspicious
  • Flow cytometry if lymphocyte predominance
  • Liver functions
  • Image studies
  • Molecular studies



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Contents

Pathology notes Jun Wang, MD, PhD 1. General information Frequently discussed syndromes Terms of dermatology Terms of hematology 2. Primary immunodeficiency disorders 3. Hemodynamic abnormalities Shock Thrombosis and embolism Bleeding disorders 4.  Benign blood cell disorders Anemia Benign white cell disorders 5. Hematopoietic neoplasms Lymphoid neoplasms Myeloid neoplasms Histiocytic neoplasms: Langerhans cell histiocytosis 6. Cardiovascular system Pulmonary hypertension Cardiovascular system tumors 7. Respiratory tract tumors 8. Gastrointestinal tract Congenital disorders Infectious gastroenteritis Oral cavity Esophagus Stomach Intestinal tumors Salivary glands Exocrine pancreas and gallbladder 9. Urinary system Kidney masses Lower urinary tract 10. Male reproductive system 11. Female genital tract 12. Breast 13. Endocrine organs Pituitary gland Adrenal gland Thyroid gland Parathyroid gland Endocrine pancreas...
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Anemia

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