Benign ovarian cysts

Benign ovarian cysts 

Updated: 12/16/2020

© Jun Wang, MD, PhD

Follicular cyst
  • Same histology as normal follicle, lined by granulosa and theca interna cells
  • At least 3 cm
  • If < 3 cm: cystic follicle
  • Common in reproductive age
  • Associated with  lack of LH surge or anovulation
  • Usually asymptomatic, or forms adnexal mass
  • Treatment: Surgical if symptomatic
Luteal cyst
  • Lined by luteinized granulosa and theca cells
  • 3 cm or larger
  • Cystic corpus luteum if < 3 cm
  • Reproductive years, at end of menstrual cycle, or during pregnancy
  • Associated with abnormal release anterior pituitary gonadotropins
  • Palpable adnexal mass or with symptoms related to increased estrogen production
  • May rupture and cause pain and hemorrhage
  • Most cases regress in 2 months
Inclusion cyst
  • Invaginations of surface epithelium
  • Usually in older women
  • Unclear etiology
  • No known clinical significance
  • Cuboidal, columnar or flat epithelial lining


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