Parathyroid carcinoma

Parathyroid carcinoma 

Updated: 07/02/2023

© Jun Wang, MD, PhD

General features
  • Rare, usually functioning
  • Recurrence and metastasis common
  • Diagnosis based on invasion and metastasis, NOT cytological features
Clinical presentations
Pathological features
Laboratory findings
  • High PTH
  • Hypercalcemia
Treatment
  • Surgery
  • Radiation


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Contents

Pathology notes Jun Wang, MD, PhD 1. General information Frequently discussed syndromes Terms of dermatology Terms of hematology 2. Primary immunodeficiency disorders 3. Hemodynamic abnormalities Shock Thrombosis and embolism Bleeding disorders 4.  Benign blood cell disorders Anemia Benign white cell disorders 5. Hematopoietic neoplasms Lymphoid neoplasms Myeloid neoplasms Histiocytic neoplasms: Langerhans cell histiocytosis 6. Cardiovascular system Pulmonary hypertension Cardiovascular system tumors 7. Respiratory tract tumors 8. Gastrointestinal tract Congenital disorders Infectious gastroenteritis Oral cavity Esophagus Stomach Intestinal tumors Salivary glands Exocrine pancreas and gallbladder 9. Urinary system Kidney masses Lower urinary tract 10. Male reproductive system 11. Female genital tract 12. Breast 13. Endocrine organs Pituitary gland Adrenal gland Thyroid gland Parathyroid gland Endocrine pancreas M
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Anemia

Anemia Updated: 07/13/2024 © Jun Wang, MD, PhD   General features Decrease in red cell mass Hemoglobin: Levels of hemoglobin in a specific volume of whole blood Hematocrit: Fraction of whole blood composed of red blood cells Red cell count: Quantity of red cell in a specific volume of whole blood Three major groups based on RBC sizes Microcytic Normocytic Macrocytic Three major causes Blood loss: acute or chronic Increased red cell destruction: hemolysis Reduced production: marrow failure due to genetic abnormality or nutritional deficiency Etiology Genetic abnormality Hemoglobinopathies RBC cytoskeletal abomorlities Enzyme abnormalities Fanconi anemia Nutritional deficiencies: iron, VB12, folate, general malnutrition Physical etiologies: trauma, burns, frostbite, prosthetic valves, etc Chronic diseases: chronic infections, neoplasia, autoimmune disorders, kidney or liver diseases, etc Infectious diseases: hepatitis, sepsis , malaria, etc
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Myeloid neoplasms

Myeloid neoplasms Updated: 08/12/2024 © Jun Wang, MD, PhD General features Clonal diseases of hematopoietic stem or progenitor cells of the granulocytic (neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil), monocytic/macrophage, erythroid, megakaryocytic and mast cell lineages 8 large groups Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) Myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative neoplasm(MDS/MPN) Mastocytosis Secondary myeloid neoplasms Myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms with eosinophilia and tyrosine kinase gene fusions Acute leukemias of mixed or ambiguous lineage Diagnostic approaches CBC and differential: Presence of blasts and immature cells, quantity based diagnosis Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy: Morphology and quantity of neoplastic cells and blasts component Immunophenotyping: Multiparameter flow cytometry Histochemical studies: Myeloperoxidase for myeloid Cytogenetics studies: Karyotype, FISH  Molecular studies Labora
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