GU tract congenital anomalies

GU tract congenital anomalies 

Updated: 01/27/2021

© Jun Wang, MD, PhD

Ureter anomalies
  • Double and bifid ureters: Associated with duplication of renal pelvis
  • Ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction
    • Most common causes of hydronephrosis in children
    • May be associated with agenesis of contralateral kidney
  • Diverticula
    • Asymptomatic or associated with recurrent urinary tract infections
    • Outpouching identified by image studies (Intravenous pyelogram, etc)
Bladder anomalies
  • Vesicoureteral reflux: Risk for infection and reflux nephropathy
  • Diverticula: Predominantly in men; risk for infection and stone
  • Exstrophy of the bladder
    • Bladder mucosa exposed to the surface exterior
    • Defect in the anterior abdominal wall
    • Developmental failure
    • Risk for adenocarcinoma of bladder
  • Patent urachus
    • Failure of urachal canal obliteration
    • Urination through umbilicus
    • Risk for infection and adenocarcinoma
    • May be associated with urachal cysts
Penile anomalies
  • Hypospadias
    • Most common congenital abnormality of male external genitalia other than cryptorchidism
    • Urethra opens onto ventral surface of penis or scrotum
    • Failure of fusion of urethral folds
  • Epispadias
    • Urethra opens onto dorsal surface of penis
    • Maybe part of  exstrophy-epispadias complex
  • Associated with abnormal descent of testes, urinary tract malformations, obstruction, urinary tract infections and possibly infertility if orifices are near base of penis
  • Treatment: Surgery unless minor



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Contents

Pathology notes Jun Wang, MD, PhD 1. General information Frequently discussed syndromes Terms of dermatology Terms of hematology 2. Primary immunodeficiency disorders 3. Hemodynamic abnormalities Shock Thrombosis and embolism Bleeding disorders 4.  Benign blood cell disorders Anemia Benign white cell disorders 5. Hematopoietic neoplasms Lymphoid neoplasms Myeloid neoplasms Histiocytic neoplasms: Langerhans cell histiocytosis 6. Cardiovascular system Pulmonary hypertension Cardiovascular system tumors 7. Respiratory tract tumors 8. Gastrointestinal tract Congenital disorders Infectious gastroenteritis Oral cavity Esophagus Stomach Intestinal tumors Salivary glands Exocrine pancreas and gallbladder 9. Urinary system Kidney masses Lower urinary tract 10. Male reproductive system 11. Female genital tract 12. Breast 13. Endocrine organs Pituitary gland Adrenal gland Thyroid gland Parathyroid gland Endocrine pancreas...
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Anemia

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Lymphoid neoplasms

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