Chondroma

Chondroma 

Updated: 08/12/2022

© Jun Wang, MD, PhD

General features
  • Benign cartilaginous tumor
  • Including enchondroma (diaphyseal medullar cavity), subperiosteal/juxtacortical chondroma and soft tissue chondroma
Clinical presentations
  • Asymptomatic
  • Pain
  • Pathological fracture
Most common sites
  • Small bones of hands and feet
  • Femur, proximal humerus
  • Usually not in flat bones, in contrast to chondrosarcoma
Key radiological findings
  • Lytic expansile lesion
Key morphological features
  • Well circumscribed cartilage growth
  • Hyaline cartilage
  • No invasion
Genetic abnormalities
  • HMGA2 / HMGI-C
  • IDH1 and IDH2 in enchondromas
Maffucci syndrome:
  • Very rare
  • Somatic IDH1 mutation, non hereditary
  • Multiple enchondromas, hemangioma (subcutaneous), and soft tissue lymphangiomas
  • Short stature, underdeveloped muscles and bone deformities
  • Higher risk for ovarian and liver carcinomas, brain gliomas
Ollier disease
  • Enchondromas of long bone and flat bones
  • IDH1 and PTHR1 mutation
  • Skeletal deformities
  • NO angioma
  • May have atypia, but benign if no radiological evidence of malignancy
  • Higher risk for ovarian sex-cord tumors
Treatment
  • Follow up
  • Curettage, histological examination if suspicious for malignancy

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