Salmonella enterica

Salmonella enterica

Updated: 02/23/2024

© Jun Wang, MD, PhD

 

General features

  • Second most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis
  • G-negative, facultative anaerobic rod with flagella
  • Culture on Hektoen agar (HE), catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, H2S production
  • Commonly associated with chicken consumption

Key clinical features

  • Fever, vomiting and diarrhea
  • Usually watery diarrhea
  • Bloody diarrhea uncommon
  • May cause sepsis

Pathogenesis

  • Endotoxin only
  • Invasion from M cells of Peyer Patches to lamina propria 
  • Loose diarrhea due to activation of mucosal adenylate cyclase and increased cAMP

Diagnosis

  • Suspected if acute diarrhea, with fever or in the setting of a community outbreak
  • Culture on selective media
  • Molecular testing

Management

  • Non-invasive gastroenteritis: self-limiting; NO antibiotics
  • Invasive diarrhea: ampicillin, third-generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, or TMP-SMZ

 

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