Pathology of endocrine pancreas
Pathology of endocrine pancreas
Updated: 12/21/2020
© Jun Wang, MD, PhD
- Head, body and tail
- Exocrine pancreas: Majority of pancreatic tissue, glandular epithelial cells
Predominantly
at the head
Drain through
pancreatic duct
Acini, ducts
- Endocrine pancreas: Islets, pale endocrine cells
Alpha:
secrete glucagon (20% 0f cells)
Beta: insulin (70% of cells)
Delta:
somatostatin (5% of cells)
PP cells:
pancreatic polypeptide
Physiology
- Exocrine pancreas
Secrete
digestive enzymes
Regulated by
neural system (vagus) and humoral factors (secretin, cholecystokinin)
Proenzymes
activated by trypsin
Self-digestion
resulted by premature proenzyme activation causes acute pancreatitis
- Endocrine pancreas
Glucagon:
Promote glycogenolysis, elevate blood glucose
Insulin: Promote glucose utilization in
tissue, reduce blood glucose
Somatostatin:
Suppress alpha and beta cells
Pancreatic
polypeptide: Secretion of gastrointestinal enzymes, reduce bowel motility
Acute
complications of diabetes
- Macrovascular diseases: Most common cause of mortality in long-standing diabetes
Myocardial
infarction
Renal
vascular insufficiency
Cerebrovascular
accidents
- Microvascular diseases:
- Compromised immune function
Susceptibility
to skin infections, tuberculosis, pneumonia, and pyelonephritis, etc
- Others: Cataract, glaucoma, etc
Practice questions 2
Back to pathology
of endocrine system
Back to contents
Comments
Post a Comment