Giant cell tumor of bone

Giant cell tumor of bone
Updated: 07/31/2018
© Jun Wang, MD, PhD

General features
  • Also called osteoclastoma
  • Benign but locally aggressive
  • More common: 20-40 years, women, oriental countries
  • Associated with Paget disease of bone
  • Usually good prognosis
Clinical presentations
  • Pain, swelling, limitation of joint movements
  • Pathologic fracture
Most common site
  • Knees, usually epiphysis
Pathogenesis
  • RANKL expressed by tumor cells recruit circulating monocytes to form osteoclasts
Key radiological findings
  • Soap bubble appearance
Key morphological features
  • Expansile lytic lesion
  •  Numerous multinucleated giant cells
  • Background of uniform mononuclear cells
Treatment
  • Surgery
  • Radiation if excision impossible


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