Chondroma
Chondroma
Updated: 08/12/2022
© Jun Wang,
MD, PhD
General features
- Benign cartilaginous tumor
- Including enchondroma (diaphyseal medullar cavity), subperiosteal/juxtacortical chondroma and soft tissue chondroma
Clinical presentations
- Asymptomatic
- Pain
- Pathological fracture
Most common sites
- Small bones of hands and feet
- Femur, proximal humerus
- Usually not in flat bones, in contrast to chondrosarcoma
Key radiological findings
-
Lytic expansile lesion
Key morphological features
- Well circumscribed cartilage growth
- Hyaline cartilage
- No invasion
Genetic abnormalities
- HMGA2 / HMGI-C
- IDH1 and IDH2 in enchondromas
Maffucci syndrome:
- Very rare
- Somatic IDH1 mutation, non hereditary
- Multiple enchondromas, hemangioma (subcutaneous), and soft tissue lymphangiomas
- Short stature, underdeveloped muscles and bone deformities
- Higher risk for ovarian and liver carcinomas, brain gliomas
Ollier disease
- Enchondromas of long bone and flat bones
- IDH1 and PTHR1 mutation
- Skeletal deformities
- NO angioma
- May have atypia, but benign if no radiological evidence of malignancy
- Higher risk for ovarian sex-cord tumors
Treatment
- Follow up
- Curettage, histological examination if suspicious for malignancy
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